Quantum Cryptography

Abstract

Introduction to cryptography, certain cryptographic techniques, and quantum cryptography, as well as the differences between traditional and quantum cryptography, are all covered in this paper. Quantum cryptography is the science of performing cryptographic operations using quantum mechanics principles. Quantum key distribution is the most well-known example of quantum cryptography, which provides an information-theoretically secure solution to the key exchange problem. Quantum cryptography is an attempt to create a shared and hidden body of data between two users on a common communication channel. This data, which is often in the form of a random string of bits, can be used as a standard secret key for secure communication. Quantum cryptography has an advantage over standard key exchange methods in that information can be proved to be safe in a very strong sense without making assumptions about the intractability of certain mathematical problems. Even if a hypothetical eavesdropper had infinite computing power, the rules of physics guarantee that the secret key exchange will be secure probabilistically.